=========================================================== ============== #1876 Date: Sun, 1 Dec 1996 12:00:19 -0800 From: Daniel LevitonOrganization: Adult Health & Development Program, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Maryland Subject: Horrendous Death as an unrecognized health problem: Data Comments: To: hlthprom@relay.doit.wisc.edu, ihp-net@synasoft.com For those health educators and health promoters interested in Horrendous Death (that is, the label applied to people-caused deaths), the following may be useful. The resources were gathered in preparation of an article for Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. The Mortality Cost of HD Just how great is that cost? Gil Elliot did a painstaking analysis of people-caused deaths resulting in his valuable work, The 20th Century Book of the Dead. He wrote On the battlefields of both world wars, in the death camps of the 1930s and 1940s, in Vietnam, and in hundreds of local disasters, pogroms, and organized famines, some 110 million have died a veritable nation of the dead.This number is a conservative estimate, because we hardly know how to count the dead (Elliot, 1972, frontispiece). Could your child die this way? His estimate is low if the many facets of HD are included. He did not consider causes of HD such as homicide, environmental assaults, smoking and accidents. However a massive assessment of the world s health, The Global Burden of Disease Project, does. It was undertaken in collaboration with the World Health Organization, the World Bank, and researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health. It predicted that the causes of death and disability will be different in the year 2020 (Brown, 1996). To measure the effect of diseases on populations, the used a measure called the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). It combines the impact of fatal diseases with that of disorders that cause long-lasting disability (Brown, 1996). The following table compares the conditions that caused the greatest global disease burden (measured in DALYs) in 1990 with those projected to cause the greatest burden in 2020 (Brown, 1996). 1990 2020 1. Pneumonia Heart disease 2. Diarrheal diseases Severe depression 3. Diseases of the newborn Traffic accidents 4. Severe depression Stroke 5. Heart disease Chronic lung disease 6. Stroke Pneumonia 7. Tuberculosis Tuberculosis 8. Measles War 9. Traffic accidents Diarrheal disease 10. Birth defects AIDS 11. Malaria Disease of the newborn 12. Chronic lung disease Violence 13. Falls Birth defects 14. Iron-deficiency anemia Self-inflicted injuries 15. Malnutrition Lung cancer The table shows that in 1990, sources of DALYs that were also forms of HD were traffic accidents, and malnutrition. In the year 2020, predicted DALYs caused by HD include traffic accidents, chronic lung disease (caused mostly by cigarette smoking), war, violence, self-inflicted injuries, and lung cancer (also caused mostly by cigarette smoking). No mention was made of the type of wars predicted: nuclear, chemical and biological, or conventional. Future scenarios concerning the threat of deaths, disabilities, and morbidity due to within nation-state implosion rather than between nation-states explosion have been predicted (Kaplan, 1994; Rosenfeld, 1994). Implosion refers to internal terrorism and assassination, murderous conflict between ethnic and racial groups, and other forms of tribalism, and violence instigated by single-issue advocates. To further the case of the ill-effects of HD, the following estimates of mortality due to three forms of HD, Type I, (genocide, homicide, and war) are given. I will not go into the consequences of disease, physical and mental illness, and suffering associated with genocide, homicide, and war. Similarity, social costs, such as social fragmentation, social paranoia, reduction of social constraints, and increased chaos manifested in anarchistic behavior, internal terrorism, riots, etc. add to the social health costs but are not considered here. Genocide Rudolf J. Rummel, in his painstaking investigation of genocide, estimates that since 1900, over 120,000,000 people have been murdered by their governments (Rummel, 1990; Rummel, 1991a; Rummel, 1991b). Homicide Among the industrialized countries the United States leads, by far, the world in homicide rates (Reiss & Roth, 1993). Homicide is the third leading cause of death for elementary and middle school children (Vobejda, 1994). In the United States in 1991, 26,513 people were killed due to homicide and legal intervention.They are the leading cause of death for the African American population for those aged 15-24 (National Center for Health Statistics, 1993). War William Eckhardt, Research Director of the Lentz Peace Research Laboratory, calculated war and war-related deaths (including interventions and invasions) by region and country, from 1500-1990 (Sivard, 1991). Absolute numbers of civilian and military deaths were reported. The total number of deaths for civilians was 75,649,000, and for the military was 63,709,000 for a total of 139,358,000 men, women, and children killed in war. A more recent calculation by Ruth Sivard and her colleagues is that With four years still to go, this modern century has already been responsible for 250 wars and 109,746,000 war-related deaths, a number somewhat larger than the total current population of France, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden . . . . There have been six times as many death per war in the 20th century as in the 19th (Sivard, 1996, p. 7). The Economic Cost of HD The Military-Industrial Complex HD exacts an economic as well as health costs. Several resources have documented the priority of military compared to social expenditures at the global and national levels (Ayres, 1994; Bank, 1988; Brown, Kane & Ayres, 1993; Dentzer, 1994; McCarthy, 1992; NA, 1994; Renner, 1989; Renner, 1990; Sivard, 1996); Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1982 #589]. For example, Sivard estimates that $8 trillion dollars has been spent on nuclear weapons since 1945, and that the United States military budget exceeds the total military expenditures of the thirteen biggest spenders ranking below it (Sivard, 1996). She also estimates notes that governments of the world still devoted over $700 billion (current dollars) to their militaries in 1994" (Sivard, 1996, p. 11) I found the following comparisons published in World Watch interesting: 1. What a B-2 bomber would cost, in materials, if it were built of solid gold: $.8 billion 2. What it will actually cost U.S. taxpayers as currently constructed: $2.3 billion. 3. The U.S. government s average annual expenditures on military research and development since the mid 1980s: $35.0 billion. 4. Its average expenditures on research and development to protect the environment: $1.4 billion. 5. Developed nation s 1991 military expenditures: $540 billion 6. Their 1991 expenditures on aid to the development of poor countries, whose poverty arguably poses the greatest threat to global security: $50 billion. 7. Average time it took for 1 million people to die in war during the two millennia between the rise of Rome and the beginning of the 20th century: 50 years. 8. Average time it has taken to kill that many people in war throughout the 20th century: 1 year (NA, 1994). This table, too, illustrates national and global priorities: Number of people employed by the UN 53,589 Number of people employed at Disney World 50,000 Total budget of the UN in 1995-96 (two year budget) $18.2 billion Revenue of single U.S. arms manufacturer (Lockheed Martin) in 1995 $19.4 billion UN peacekeeping expenditures in 1995 $3.6 billion World military spending in 1995 $767.0 billion Number of UN peacekeepers for every 150,000 people in the world 1 Number of soldiers in national armies for every 150,000 people in the world 650 U.S. contribution to the UN budget, per capita $7 Norwegian contribution to the UN budget, per capita $65 Number of U.S. troops serving in UN peacekeeping operations in 1994 965 Number of U.S. troops serving in international missions under U.s. command in 1994 86,451 Cost of the 1994 Earth Summit $10 million Cost of the 1994 Paris Air Show and Weapons Exhibition (U.S. portion)$12 million (Source: Renner, 1996) Violent Criminal Behavior Cohen et al., described a framework for calculating the costs of violent behavior in the U.S. such as homicide, rape, robbery and assault (Cohen, Prothow-Stith, Guyer & Spivak, 1994). Costs were grouped into the categories of direct property losses, medical and mental health care, victim services, lost workdays, lost school days, lost housework, death, legal costs associated with tort claims, and long-consequences of victimization. The aggregate cost of violent behavior was calculated for rape, $8 billion; robbery, $20.5 billion; and assault, $81.3 billion. Society s response to an intentional injury incurs costs associated with: fear of crime, precautionary expenditures and effort, the Criminal Justice System, victim services, other noncriminal programs (such as hotlines and public service announcement), incarcerated offender costs, overdeterrence costs (such as innocent individuals accused of offense and restriction of legitimate activity), and justice costs (such as constitutional protections to avoid false accusations and cost of increasing detection rate to avoid differential punishment). The aggregate cost of society s response to murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault was calculated at $18.8 billion. All calculations were based on 1987 dollars and should be increased by 25-30 percent (Cohen et al., 1994). It is obvious that the elimination or a significant reduction of HD could result in the transfer of funds to enhance lifegenic factors, and other national and global health and well- being needs. References Ayres, E. (1994, September/October). A 50-year report card for the human condition. World Watch, 7, 7. Bank, W. (1988). World Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press. Brown, D. (1996, September 16). In changing face of illness, an optimistic prognosis emerges. The Washington Post, pp. A3. Brown, L. R., Kane, H., & Ayres, E. (1993). Vital Signs 1993. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Cohen, M. A., Prothow-Stith, D., Guyer, B., & Spivak, H. (1994). The costs and consequences of violent behavior in the United States. In A. Reiss, J., Jr. & J. A. Roth (Eds.), Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 4: Consequences and Control (Vol. 4, pp. 67-166). Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press. Dentzer, S. (1994, June 13, 1994). Many swords, too few plowshares. U.S. News & World Report, 116, 70. Elliot, G. (1972). Twentieth Century Book of the Dead. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Kaplan, R. D. (1994, February). The coming anarchy. The Atlantic Monthly, 273, 44-76. McCarthy, C. (1992, January 17, 1992). Tax protesters' cry: Fight poverty not war. the Washington Post, pp. D6. NA. (1994). Military budget bulima. World Watch, 7(2), 39. National Center for Health Statistics. (1993). Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1991 (Monthly vital statistics report vol 42 no. 2, suppl): Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. Reiss, A., J., Jr., & Roth, J. A. (Eds.). (1993). Understanding and Preventing Violence. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press. Renner, M. (1996). Matters of scale: Who dominates the world? World Watch, 9(6), 39. Renner, M. G. (1989). National Security: The Economic and Environmental Dimensions (Paper 89): Worldwatch Institute. Renner, M. G. (1990). Swords Into Plowshares: Coverting to a Peace Economy (Worldwatch Paper 96): Worldwatch Institute. Rosenfeld, S. S. (1994, November 11). Concerning chaos. The Washington Post, pp. A31. Rummel, R. J. (1990). Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Rummel, R. J. (1991a). China's Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Rummel, R. J. (1991b). Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Sivard, R. (1991). World Military and Social Expenditures, 1991. (14 ed.). Washington, D. C.: World Priorities, Box 25140, Washington, D. C. 20007. Sivard, R. L. (1996). World Military and Social Expenditures, 1996. (16 ed.). Washington, D. C.: World Priorities, Box 25140, Washington, D. C. 20007. Vobejda, B. (1994, January 21, 1994). Children's defense fund cites gun violence. The Washington Post, pp. A3. -- Dr. Daniel Leviton College of Health & Human Performance University of Maryland College Park, MD 20740, Phone: (301) 405-2528 =========================================================== ============== #1877 Date: Sun, 1 Dec 1996 21:00:33 +0000 From: michael olpin Subject: a smoke filled tale Fellow HEDIR's This note may appear a bit long. I hope you will take a second to read it as it is a matter of real importance to us here where we live. We have a problem for which we hope some of you can give us some help. Without going into a lot of detail, West Virginia is one of the unhealthiest states in the Union, and our county is one of the unhealthiest in the state. (Of the top 10 killers in the US, West Virginia's percentages are higher than the national in every category. Marks for which we must be doubly proud...aach.) In order to combat the tremendous health problems, the County Health Department recently devised several committees to work on the worst problems first. One of these is a committee called RETURN, Residents Encouraging Tobacco Use Reduction Now. In April of this year, Mercer County, WV, passed a local clean air act. Although many of the business owners complained (imagine the loss in revenue), most of them eventually complied with the regulation to provide a separate smoking section with separate ventilation. There were some, however, that openly refused to comply. Meanwhile, two members of the local Board of Public Health resigned and now the local city board has placed two of the disgruntled restaurant owners (who refused to comply with the clean air ordinance) on the board of Public Health. Go figure. Well, at the very next city council meeting, one of these new members, who is a chain smoker and has no public health experience, asked to have the clean air ordinance amended so that businesses could simply put a sign on their door alerting patrons that smoking is allowed inside. As you can imagine, that amendment would mostly gut the ordinance. Progress of any kind is so hard to come by here, we hate to lose this important ground. For the first time many residents with asthma and other disabilites have been able to walk through the mall and enjoy other public places they have never been able to before. With less than two weeks to go until the repeal is voted on, we are asking for your help. Some of the Board of Public Health members who voted for the ordinance in April are wavering under the pressure. We have heard that in a similar case where the clean air act was repealed, the county was sued because it interfered with the rights of people with disabilities. If anyone has any information on this particular case or any other helpful tips, advice, or suggestions please write back. Any assistance will be greatly appreciated. Thank you very much in advance. Michael Olpin olpinm@faculty.concord.wvnet.edu health promotion webpage: http://www.siu.edu/departments/bushea/ personal webpage: http://www.siu.edu/departments/bushea/mike.html =========================================================== ============== #1878 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 08:58:46 EST From: "Barnes,Rick,C" Subject: Chair Position, Department of Health Education Dynamic, innovative leaders are invited to apply for the position of Chair, Department of Health Education in the School of Health and Human Performance at East Carolina University. Applicants should possess the following qualifications: a)demonstrated administrative effectiveness; b)demonstrated record of teaching effectiveness and scholarship commensurate with tenure and appointment to the University Graduate faculty; c)earned doctorate in Health Education or related field; d)ability to interact effectively with faculty members, administrators and students; e)commitment to diversity in higher education. Screening begins 10 February 1997. Applicants must provide: a)letter of application addressing the position description; b)curriculum vita; c)three letters of reference specific to this position; d)transcripts of all academic work. Applications and letters of reference should be sent to: Dr. Rick Barnes, Search Committee Chair, Department of Health Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4553. Phone: (919)328-4238 Fax: (919) 328-1285 E-Mail HPBARNES@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU East Carolina University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action university and accommodates individuals with disabilities. Applicants must comply with provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Official academic transcripts are required upon employment. application addressing the position description; b)curriculum vita; c)three letters of reference specific to this position; d)transcripts of all academic work =========================================================== ============== #1879 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 10:19:31 -0800 From: Barbara Cooley Subject: Re: Smoking on Campus In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.16.19961120113846.2d07e524@daisy.siue.edu> It's a true increase on our campus as assessed via a biennial stratified random sample questionnaire survey. barbara cooley, homebound health educator, university of washington On Wed, 20 Nov 1996, mal goldsmith wrote: > Is it just me or do those of you on college campuses notice a tremendous > increase in the number of students smoking? My informal observations tell > me that the efforts of the Tobacco industry to attract younger smokers > (initiated about six years ago) have now yielded the results, as these > freshmen arrive on campus. Seems like it might be time to alert our > Wellness Centers and health classes to take note of the surge. Any > observations on other campuses? > ******************* > Mal Goldsmith, Ph.D., CHES > Coordinator of Health Education > Southern Illinois University > Edwardsville, IL 62026 > > (618) 692-3252 > (618) 692-3369 FAX > =========================================================== ============== #1880 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 14:47:40 -0600 From: wohl royal Subject: Chair, Department of Health Phys Educ and Exercise Science Washburn University invites applications and nominations for the position of Department Chair. The Department is seeking an energetic professional with a vision for the future to lead an undergraduate department into the next century. This is a 12 month, tenure track position at the rank of Associate or Full Professor, beginning in the fall of 1997. Qualifications: - terminal degree in Physical Education or related field - record of successful teaching, scholarship and service appropriate for appointment at the rank of Associate or Full Professor - record of success in leadership and administrative duties - strong background in pedagogy preferred Responsibilities: - perform administrative duties consistent with the university handbook for department chairs - teach six credit hours each semester and three credit hours during summer session in area of expertise - perform additional academic functions expected of a tenure-track faculty member Salary: Commensurate with qualifications and experience Application Deadline: Review of applications will begin February 1, 1997 and continue until a suitable candidate is identified. Application Procedure: Submit letter of application, vita, copies of all college transcripts, and names, addresses and telephone numbers of three professional references to: Dr. Susan Miller, Chair of Search Committee Department of HPEES Washburn Universtiy 1700 College Avenue - Petro 201 Topeka, KS 66621 Phone: (913) 231-1010 x1463 FAX: (913) 231-1091 email: zzmils@acc.wuacc.edu Washburn University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. =========================================================== ============== #1881 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 17:19:58 -0600 From: Kathleen Welshimer Subject: Re: a smoke filled tale Mike, It sounds like you arrived in WVA just in time for a little community activism! I've not heard of a particular case where a community was sued for interfering with the rights of people with disabilities, but it sounds like a good ange, and hopefully someone else on HEDIR will know something. If nothing else, the mere rumor may serve as a threat to your local Board! Meanwhile, I'd recommend that the community "pack" the board meeting. Members the local or state ACS, ALS, and AHA should all be there to testify, as should members of the general community. Those with respiratory problems could provide particularly heart-wrenching testimony re: how bad things were before the ordinance, and how much improved since. Don't leave out those who have no particular health problems, though, since the Board may be able to relate better to them. And, is it possible to get business owners who've complied and are glad they did to present their perspective? In short, the more commotion you can create at that meeting with people who DON'T want it repealed, the more difficult the decision will be for the board. As for the folks who backed it the first time, and are waffling now, pursuade a few folks to call them and encourage them to support their original stance...even a call or two would help. In all cases (phone calls and testimony to the board, the clean air spokespeople should reiterate the reasons why the ordinance was passed in the first place. The more, reasonable, ammunition you can use, the more selfish-minded the opponents' position will seem. (It can't hurt to mention the rumor that other communities have been sued by repealing such legislation; however, I'd strongly advise against anyone actually threatening to do so in Mercer County). Sounds like you've also got a couple of other problems to contend with, even if the ordinance is not repealled... such as, how to enforce the existing ordinance. And, even more important, who on the City board appointed the disgruntled business owners to the board of health and why... Their perspective is likely to be damaging to other aspects of the health department's business, and efforts should be made to ensure that this doesn't happen again. (Recall my observing in class that the ability to make appointments to the board is critical to the health director's power base? ) These appointments may simply have been a short-sighted effort to mollify politically powerful people; or, they may have been active attempts at "payback", whether for the smoke-free ordinance or something else, so figuring out why they were made and how to prevent such appointments in the future is important. I hope that this is of some help, and that other HEDIR readers will have insights as well. Please keep me posted re: what happens. Good luck! Kathleen Welshimer At 09:00 PM 12/1/96 +0000, you wrote: >Fellow HEDIR's > >This note may appear a bit long. I hope you will take a second to read >it as it is a matter of real importance to us here where we live. > > We have a problem for which we hope some of you can give us some help. >Without going into a lot of detail, West Virginia is one of the >unhealthiest states in the Union, and our county is one of the >unhealthiest in the state. (Of the top 10 killers in the US, West >Virginia's percentages are higher than the national in every category. >Marks for which we must be doubly proud...aach.) In order to combat the >tremendous health problems, the County Health Department recently >devised several committees to work on the worst problems first. One of >these is a committee called RETURN, Residents Encouraging Tobacco Use >Reduction Now. > In April of this year, Mercer County, WV, passed a local clean air act. >Although many of the business owners complained (imagine the loss in >revenue), most of them eventually complied with the regulation to >provide a separate smoking section with separate ventilation. There were >some, however, that openly refused to comply. > Meanwhile, two members of the local Board of Public Health resigned and >now the local city board has placed two of the disgruntled restaurant >owners (who refused to comply with the clean air ordinance) on the board >of Public Health. Go figure. Well, at the very next city council >meeting, one of these new members, who is a chain smoker and has no >public health experience, asked to have the clean air ordinance amended >so that businesses could simply put a sign on their door alerting >patrons that smoking is allowed inside. > As you can imagine, that amendment would mostly gut the ordinance. >Progress of any kind is so hard to come by here, we hate to lose this >important ground. For the first time many residents with asthma and >other disabilites have been able to walk through the mall and enjoy >other public places they have never been able to before. > With less than two weeks to go until the repeal is voted on, we are >asking for your help. Some of the Board of Public Health members who >voted for the ordinance in April are wavering under the pressure. We >have heard that in a similar case where the clean air act was repealed, >the county was sued because it interfered with the rights of people with >disabilities. If anyone has any information on this particular case or >any other helpful tips, advice, or suggestions please write back. Any >assistance will be greatly appreciated. > >Thank you very much in advance. > >Michael Olpin >olpinm@faculty.concord.wvnet.edu >health promotion webpage: http://www.siu.edu/departments/bushea/ >personal webpage: http://www.siu.edu/departments/bushea/mike.html > =========================================================== ============== #1882 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 09:59:41 -0500 From: Judy Young Subject: Re: Physical education in public schools -Reply I hear many stories on the two extremes about physical education instruction. I also believe that the anecdotes are probably reflective of some programs that are being delivered. I think we must eliminate poor programs and improve the quality of ALL educational programs for ALL kids. There are also poor programs in all other subject areas, but we do not consider eliminating the programs. The positive contributions of physical education described in the comments from Arkansas are needed and must be available to all students. Some will not get them anywhere else if they don't have a QUALITY PHYSICAL EDUCATION program. I hope that the recent attention to changes in physical education mandates will serve as a wake-up call to all physical education teachers to be more than "equipment managers" and to parents and principals to hold physical education teachers accountable for helping students to learn the skills and knowledge needed to be active for a lifetime and find value and satisfaction in doing so. Those many, many physical educators who work every day to to provide positive experiences that help students become health-related fit as well as physically competent and confident are understandably hurt and frustrated to be lumped with those who don't meet professional responsibilities or take pride in what they do. And it hurts us all when kids don't learn how to be healthy, productive and happy adults. Judith Young, PhD. naspe@aahperd.org =========================================================== ============== #1883 Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 10:44:32 -0500 From: Mary Hundley Subject: Proposed Revision of the AAHE Mission Statement -Reply Please make sure you fill out the form in HE-XTRA to give your viewsand send to Larry Olson. AAHE needs to know this. Thanks. =========================================================== ============== #1884 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 00:56:24 -0500 From: MidK@AOL.COM Subject: Web Site Resources for Epi Info Hi All As many of you know I left ETR Associates about a year ago to do a variety of things. One of the things that I have done is start a new organization, ToucanEd, with an associate (hence the name toucan). We are very interested in technology applications (which may or may not be related to the fact that we live on the fringe of Silicon Valley) and have been working the past year to develop a resource guide for students and professionals on using Epi Info -- the public domain software from CDC. We are dedicated to developing outstanding, high quality resources for health educators for the future. Please check out the website and let me know what you think! http://www.ToucanEd.com Kathleen Middleton MS CHES MidK@aol.com (408) 462-4663 4603 Shauna Ct. Soquel, CA 95073 =========================================================== ============== #1885 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 09:49:33 -0600 From: "Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D." Subject: reminder Greetings. Hope all had a nice Thanksgiving break. For those of you in the academic world, the next few weeks are going to be hectic, yet I wanted to send a memo to remind HEDIRs about some issues. First, several months ago I started listing various syllabi of college courses that were being taught. The intent was to have a resource for people to peruse who are teaching similar courses. In addition, I feel it would be a great boon to those newly graduated doctoral students who are starting their professorial career. Since that initial request, several people have given me their syllabi to post or given me their web address where one could review that syllabi. I want to remind people that I am still accepting syllabi. If you would like to have any or all of your syllabi listed, you can do one of the following: 1) send me (attached format is preferred) your syllabi via e-mail. or 2) if you post your syllabi on the www, give me the URL. I'll create a link from my syllabus home page to your course syllabus. In either case, the course could be something that is currently being offered, or it could be offered at various times. Second: several weeks ago I indicated that a newly created software, called Virtual Places, is available to use for chatrooms. This software, created by Bob Gold, allows one to have real-time conversation anywhere on the www. I would strongly encourage you to go to the e-mail services home page (url is below) and download the respective software. Every Wednesday at 11:00 CST a group of health educators meet in the HEDIR Chatroom 1 to discuss various issues. The potential of this chatroom software is great, and I would encourage you to take advantage of this technology. Third, for those of you that still have my e-mail as "ga3748@siucvmb.siu.edu", please make such corrections to this current address (kittle@siu.edu). The former e-mail will be phased out within a few weeks. Fourth, just a reminder that if you want your personal home page, or your institution's home page listed in the job-site directory, please send me the URL. You'll note when you get into the job- site directory off the web that I have links to not only individual's addresses, but also to those individual's (or departments) that have web pages. Finally, I would like to thank Bruce Ragon and Dale Ritzel for being the first two individual sponsors of the Email Services Home Page. Their support is much appreciated. __________________________ Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. Owner and Founder, HEDIR Home Page: http://www.siu.edu/~kittle E-Mail Home Page: http://www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR/Menu.html =========================================================== ============== #1886 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 12:34:04 GMT-5 From: "Steve G. Gabany" Organization: Indiana State University Subject: TENURE-TRACK FACULTY POSITION Community Health Tenure-track Faculty Position Search Indiana State University's expanding Community Health program is searching for a tenure-track, Assistant Professor to join us with the start of the Fall, 1997 term. ISU is primarily a teaching institution, although, increasingly, faculty are expected to engage in scholarly activity. We have recently completed major revisions to our curriculum by applying the AAHE/SOPHE Role Delineation suggestions. It now places heavy emphasis on formal health promotion methods. We are especially interested in adding a faculty member who has very recent education or training in program planning, implementation, or evaluation. We are making concerted efforts to adapt as many of our courses as possible to technological delivery methods; mainly Web-based courses and televised instruction. We would expect our new colleague to devote considerable energy to this activity. Please forward this to those who might have an interest. Our ad will appear in the Chronicle on Dec. 13. Interested parties can visit our only Web course at: http://web.indstate.edu/hlthsfty/hlth221/chhome.htm Qualifications: Doctorate by date of appointment in Community Health, Public Health, Health Education, or related area required. Demonstrated knowledge of current health promotion planning, implementation, or evaluation methods required. Commitment to undergraduate and graduate teaching and advisement; program and curricular development; scholarship and grants; and, university, community, and professional service required. Current experience in one or more of the areas highly desirable. Duties: Teach health-promotion-oriented undergraduate Community Health courses; advise major and minor students; assist in student recruitment; develop and offer major courses through Internet and televised instruction; assist in undergraduate program development; assist in developing master's program; advise student groups; engage in scholarly activities in the field; develop professional practice and internship sites; serve on university committees; and assist in developing relationships in the community and with other, local colleges. Screening begins Feb 1. Send letter, vita, 3 reference letters, and e-mail address if available to Dr. Steve G. Gabany, Dept. of Health & Safety. Indiana State University does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, age, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or veteran status. In line with its commitment to equal opportunity, the University will recruit, hire, promote, educate, and provide services to persons based upon their individual qualifications meeting established criteria. Indiana State University is committed to affrimative action for employees and students through active recruitment, promotion, retention, and enrollment or minorities, women, persons with disabilities, and Vietnam-era veterans. The University subscribes fully to all federal and state legislation and regulations regarding discrimination. *************************** Steve G. Gabany, Ph.D. Indiana State University Dept of Health & Safety 812/237-3108 HPRGABY@SCIFAC.INDSTATE.EDU *************************** =========================================================== ============== #1887 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 12:51:19 GMT-5 From: "Steve G. Gabany" Organization: Indiana State University Subject: Re: reminder mark, i'm offering a full-blown web intro community health course. if you think some might benefit, here's the url: http://web.indstate.edu/hlthsfty/hlth221/chhome.htm enjoy *************************** Steve G. Gabany, Ph.D. Indiana State University Dept of Health & Safety 812/237-3108 HPRGABY@SCIFAC.INDSTATE.EDU *************************** =========================================================== ============== #1888 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 12:10:05 -0600 From: Brian Geiger Subject: Re: The list-server's experience At 02:29 PM 11/27/96 -0800, you wrote: >I am a graduate student taking a course in computer technology at the >graduate school of public health at San Diego State University. In learning >more about list-serves and their role in public health I would like to >present information on the experiences of the members of this list-serve. >Below are a few questions I have. >1.How did you find out about this list-serve? >recommendation from a colleague >2. Why did you Join? >to maintain communication with other health education professionals around the country and abroad; to learn more about conference, employment, and grant opportunities; to become familiar with the use of this technology in order to teach students to use it. >3. How long have you been a member? >2 yrs >4. How many members did you personaly know before joining this list-serve? >12-20 est >5. How many members have you met in person after joining?(like at APHA etc.) >explain: >5-10 new contacts at conferences >6. How many messages do you send in a week/month? >average 4-6 year >7. How often do you read your messages in a week/month? >3-4 days/week >8. How often do you find other people's messages useful? > (Never, sometimes, usually, always) >usually find most messages useful; usefulness varies with my professional and research interests, current academic course load, "hot topics" in the media, etc. >9. In what way has this list-serve been useful to you? >keeping me informed of the "hot button" issues in U.S. as they become news, particularly learning about the opinions and recommendations of my peers; providing advance and late=breaking announcements of employment, conference, publication, training opportunities >10. In what way has it not met your expectations? > >11. Is there any group/population/geographic region that is currently >missing from this list-serve that you feel would be a valuable source? > >12. What other list-serves have you found useful? > >13. Any words of wisdom for new list-serve members? >Mark's (Kittleson) recommendations are very wise, particularly the idea of "floating" for a short time to read the types of messages sent to members before sending your own. Each list serve has its own particular membership. It's important to know your audience. Also, don't be afraid to ask for help when needed to send, receive, or download messages, or obtain informational resources. >THE END. Thanks for your input! >Gina Rodriguez >rodrigug@mail.sdsu.edu >San Diego State University, >Graduate School of Public Health > Brian Geiger =========================================================== ============== #1889 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 15:21:11 +0000 Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Grady Cash Subject: Demand Management Research A friend posted the following question to the research forum at www.awhp.com. Can any provide any contacts? - - - forwarded message - - - - I am looking at several projects in the cost effectiveness of demand management. Are there any university setting doing research in the cost effectiveness of demand management? Long term studies? Any good resources? People I should talk to? - - - - - - message ends - - - - Thanks for your replies. It will be interesting to see if there are any researchers on this list. Grady Cash =========================================================== ============== #1890 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 23:24:53 -0500 From: Ceepco@AOL.COM Subject: Re: a smoke filled tale Please remove me from your mailing list =========================================================== ============== #1891 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 23:26:25 -0500 From: Ceepco@AOL.COM Subject: Re: a smoke filled tale please remove me from your mailing list =========================================================== ============== #1892 Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 21:44:59 -0800 From: Margo Harris Subject: Re: Demand Management Research Well, no, I can safely say I don't do research. But I do have an interest in demand management. No, I am not in an academic setting, but I have come across a number of interesting resources your colleague might want to check. 1. Certainly one contact would be Donald Vickery, MD. The first journal article that I read that used the term Demand Management was Vickery, D M and Lynch, W D Demand Management: Enabling Patients to Use Medical Care Appropriately, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 5, May 1995. His reference section is long, with an emphasis on self-care research. The article sends correspondence to Donald M. Vickery, MD, Health Decisions International, LLC, 1667 Cole Blvd., Bldg. 19, Suite 350, Golden, CO 80401. Donald Kemper at Healthwise would be another good contact - Healthwise, 904 W. Fort St., P O Box 1989, Boise, ID 83701, 208/345-1161. I heard, but have not seen, that they recently completed or are working on a research project with 3M. That really sounds iffy (on my part!). 2. A conference, Self-Care & Demand Management: Quality, Financial, and Ethical Implications for the Health Care System, was scheduled for December 3-4, 1996 in Washington, DC. A number of the scheduled presentations were on research topics. If proceedings were compiled, that could be a good resource. The conference sponsor was Partnership for Prevention - 202/833-0009. 3. I identified an interesting company recently in my contract/consulting work search. The company name is HBS International, Inc. They describe themselves as "a rapidly growing software company. We develop microcomputer-based software applications that focus on healthcare outcomes. Our customers include over 750 hospitals, payers, and physician groups." I visited their website, http://hbsi.com and found some interesting information, including information on demand management. The site could be worth a visit. 4. Some of the research was/is conducted under other terms than demand management, including (but not limited to!) utilization management, self-care, managed care, worksite health promotion, medical utilization, self-care education, self-management, etc. But I think you knew that! I'm not sure this is exactly the answer to the question, but thought I'd share. Margo Margo Harris Harris Training & Consulting Services htcs@halcyon.com =========================================================== ============== #1893 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 08:01:49 -0500 From: "Sharon M. Desmond" The Department of Health Education at the University of Maryland in College Park is considering applications for admission to the graduate program for the fall 1997 semester. Students can earn an MA or PhD in health education, with a focus in health behavior, stress management, women's health or family health. Students may also develop their own area of focus. There is a strong emphasis on research within the doctoral program and a variety of labs are available, including: the Interdisciplinary Health Research Laboratory, the Minority Health Research Laboratory, the Psychophysiology Laboratory and the Health Promotion Technology Laboratory. Graduate assistants work about 20 hours per week. There are eight assistantships available to qualified students. Stipends vary according to experience, usually starting at $10, 000 for the academic year. Tuition is waived. The University of Maryland is an equal opportunity employer and committed to maintaining diversity. The application deadline is January 15, 1997. For additional information and application materials, contact: Dr. Laura B. Wilson, Professor and Acting Chairperson Department of Health Education 2387 Health and Human Performance Building University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 301-405-2469 lw20@umail.umd.edu =========================================================== ============== #1894 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 07:56:51 -0600 From: "Dr. Brian Colwell" Subject: Position Announcement POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT Department Head The College of Education at Texas A&M University invites applications for Head of the Department of Health and Kinesiology. The Department of Health and Kinesiology has 83 full- and part-time faculty, with 148 graduate and 1,200 undergraduate majors. The Department has graduate programs (master's and doctoral) in health education, physical education, exercise physiology, motor behavior, sport pedagogy, and undergraduate programs in teacher education (physical education and school health education), exercise technology, sport management, outdoor education, and community health. The Department also teaches required physical education activity classes that produce over 30,000 student credit hours per year. Extramural funding for the Department totaled $1.8 million in the 1995-96 academic year out of an overall departmental budget of nearly $6 million. Faculty and students excel in research, development, and publication activities and actively participate in a wide variety of professional organizations. For more information, see the Department's web site (http://hlknweb.tamu.edu). The position requires an earned doctorate, a record of scholarship and experience to qualify for Full Professor, and a commitment to participatory decision making. The successful candidate will be expected to maintain and contribute to excellence in graduate and undergraduate education, research, extramural funding, professional leadership, and to provide effective advocacy for the department within the university and the state. Salary will be commensurate with experience and accomplishments. The preferred appointment date is September 1, 1997; however, date of employment is negotiable. Complete applications consist of a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of at least three references. The search committee will begin to review applications on February 17, 1997 and the search will continue until the position is filled. Applications and nominations should be sent to: Doug Palmer, Chair, HLKN Head Search Committee, College of Education, 158 Read, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4243. Applications from minorities are strongly encouraged. An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. =========================================================== ============== #1895 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 11:42:21 -0500 From: Roger Hartmuller Subject: national expert in health professional communication Comments: cc: Virginia Hartmuller The National Cancer Institute is in the process of forming a task force to examine the way in which cancer information is disseminated to patients, the public and health professionals. We are currently "brainstorming" and trying to come up with a list of names of well-known national experts in the field of health communications who may be able to provide us with some guidance in this area. Can you provide me with the name (and their contact information) of anyone who may fit this criteria? Virginia Hartmuller 301-496-6792 =========================================================== ============== #1896 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 13:04:53 GMT Reply-To: cmahoney@emerald.educ.kent.edu From: "MAHONEY, COLLEEN" Subject: Re: national expert in health professional communication Roger: I have experience in the area of health communication (as does my colleague here at Kent State U, Scott Olds). I would not refer to either of us as nationally known experts in the area but I (and probably Scott) would be more than happy to assist in any way. In addition, I worked (and am still a consultant) for Westat Research Corporation, Division of Education, in Rockville MD. They have several health communication specialists on staff - Dr. Tim Edgar, Dr. Sharon Hammond, and Ms. Colleen Ryan. They are involved in several health communication campaigns with the CDC. Tim and Collleen are both located at the Rockville office, 1650 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850; phone 301-251-1500. Sharon is at the new Atlanta office - I don't not have her number or address but they would have it at the Rockville office. Hope that helps! Good luck! cmahoney@emerald.educ.kent.edu Colleen Mahoney Assistant Professor, Health Education Department of Adult, Counseling, Health, & Vocational Education Kent State University =========================================================== ============== #1897 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 22:50:11 +0400 From: sandal@EMIRATES.NET.AE To Dr. mark J. Kittleson. I want to say that my E_ mail as it is . If there is E_ mail directory or serve list for Hospital administration please let me know . Thankyou. Mr&Mrs Sandal . =========================================================== ============== #1898 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 12:21:09 CST From: Lisa Pogoff Subject: Re: national expert in health professional communication Dr. Peter Sandman is an expert in the field of risk communication and other kinds of communication. He is brilliant. You can reach him at 617/630-0385. There's also a new journal called "Health Communication." I don't have it here, but if you get ahold of a copy, the editors could probably give you a list of names. LP >Date sent: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 11:42:21 -0500 >Send reply to: The International Electronic Mail Directory for Health Educators > >From: Roger Hartmuller >Subject: national expert in health professional communication >To: Multiple recipients of list HEDIR-L >The National Cancer Institute is in the process of forming a task force to >examine the way in which cancer information is disseminated to patients, >the public and health professionals. We are currently "brainstorming" and >trying to come up with a list of names of well-known national experts in >the field of health communications who may be able to provide us with some >guidance in this area. Can you provide me with the name (and their contact >information) of anyone who may fit this criteria? > >Virginia Hartmuller >301-496-6792 > Lisa Pogoff Phone 612/215-0916 Fax 612/215-0975 Internet: lisa.pogoff@health.state.mn.us Work hours: M-Th 7:45-2:45 F 7:45-2:15 =========================================================== ============== #1899 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 14:41:39 -0500 From: RESCOTT@GEMINI.MCO.EDU Subject: Re: national expert in health professional communication John Ureda, DrPh, Dept of HPRE, School of Public Health, USC, Columbia, SC 29208 803/777-5887 jureda@sph.scarolina.edu =========================================================== ============== #1900 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 15:08:56 -0500 From: ZS_RBBEAVERS@SCSU.EDU Subject: National Safety Council First Aid and CPR The Department of Health and Physical Education at South Carolina State University is considering changing from teaching the American Red Cross Fist Aid and CPR to the National Safety Council First Aid and CPR. Has another HPE Programs considered this change and/or made this change? We would appreciate any comments/suggestions you may have. South Carolina State University is a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) celebrating 100 years (1896-1996) of providing quality education in South Carolina. Robert B. Beavers, Ph.D. zs_rbbeavers@scsu.edu (803)536-8067 =========================================================== ============== #1901 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 14:15:18 -0600 From: "Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D." Subject: A Concern The following memo was sent to me by a HEDIR subscriber with a concern. The information after this person's memo was my response to that individual. They gave me permission to send out their response, because I believe it is worth reading. Please read my response to this person. As technologies are available, growth periods can often be painful. I believe this person has indicated a positive feeling about HEDIR, but is concerned about some of its current practices. At 12:47 PM 12/2/96 -0800, you wrote: > Mark....Just a quick note....Although I generally am appreciative of > your efforts in developing this listserve, and think it is a good > idea,...I am growing VERY tired of the people like xxx, xxx, xxx and others who use this medium as a constant > "BLAH BLAH BLAH" for their own thoughts....Personally, I could care > less...I have heard from many others who just delete them; and of > course, I do this too...But...as a general rule, perhaps you could > kindly tell them to keep their personal opinions to a MINIMUM...ONce > per month might be a good guide, rather than a daily dose from xxx, > et al. > > I've thought about dropping the service and I know that my colleagues > are considering it too...However, why should we be compelled to drop > because a few individuals are so impressed with the sound of their own > voices and go on and on and on........It's the same old junk, again > and again..... the same debates.....the same people talking... > > It's a bleak rainy day here, and perhaps the weather is affecting my > mood,...but....I really am getting annoyed by all of this....Again, > don't take this personally....I know how much time and effort you put > in to what COULD be a great service....The FEW spoil and cheapen the > effectiveness for all.... > > Hope all goes well at SIU.... My response to this person: I am in the position where I will not censor anything posted. With that comes some good news and bad news. I appreciate your concern, and I hear it occassionally. I am personally against limiting people (first, how am I going to monitor this), but more importantly, there may be somebody who has an vested interested in a topic. Many people say they don't want to respond because they don't want to be like "one of the ones you describe", yet, if only a handful of people respond, then the ones like xxx, or xxx, etc. are definately the only ones who will appear on the screen. I would like to hear from more people--this is a forum for everybody. We have nearly 700 people on the list, and probably less than 1% post memos. Unfortunately, some even say they fear retribution if they send something out that some people may not like. That is somewhat defeating the purpose of the HEDIR. To the entire HEDIR: how can this system be improved? __________________________ Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. Owner and Founder of HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR =========================================================== ============== #1902 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 16:37:30 -0500 From: Nancy Aidala Subject: Un-subscribe Please un-subscribe me to this service. Thank you. =========================================================== ============== #1903 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 11:05:39 -0800 From: Lisa Gilbert Subject: Tobacco reduction project Hello, We are working on a state contract to reduce tobacco product sales to minors. I am in search of an instrument or any measures of KABS of retailers of tobacco products. Has anyone ever surveyed merchants to determine the characteristics of those who check IDs vs. those who do not? What about barriers to checking IDs...any data on that? Thanks for any info, citations, or instruments in this area. Lisa Gilbert, Ph.D University of Idaho 104 PEB Moscow, ID 83844-2401 (208) 885-2183 fax: (208) 885-5929 =========================================================== ============== #1904 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 11:04:48 -0800 From: Gina Rodriguez Subject: HIV prevention & women Hello! If you are involved in an HIV prevention program/research project for women or know of people who are, could you please take a few moments to read this email. This is a short 12 question survey of HIV prevention programs/research projects for women. I am currently coordinating a research study that works with separated/divorced women. The study is assessing risk behaviors and the effects of a skills training. As a project coordinator and graduate student, my interest in a survey is to: 1) learn more about other HIV prevention programs for women in the community, in the academy, and internationally and 2)to demonstrate in a health communication course the applications of computer technologies in program planning. If you are involved in HIV prevention for women please complete the survey below and send the results back to me. If you are not involved in such a program but know of people who are, could you please send the survey on to them or recommend people I should contact? Your prompt response is appreciated. I have emailed others and am planning to combine whatever responses I receive into a short class presentation. It would be helpful if you could respond by December 9th. Thank you for your support in this endeavor!! Gina Rodriguez, M.P.H. Candidate San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health rodrigug@mail.sdsu.edu SHORT SURVEY OF HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN 1. What is your title and what organization are you with? 2. Who is your funding agency? 3. What are the goals and objectives and name of your program/project? 4. What phase are you in your program? 5. What is your target population? 6. What is your sample size? 7. How are you recruiting women? 8. What kinds of incentives are you providing for their participation? 9. How are you measuring program outcomes? 10. What are the results of your program? 11. What are the success and problems with your program? COMMENTS: =========================================================== ============== #1905 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 18:54:47 -0500 From: "Lea S. Dooley" Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Mark, I had to join the 1% on this one. My gut feeling on this issue is that it is so personal that we may need to chalk it up to "you can't please *all* of the people *all* of the time". Personally, I enjoy hearing the "Blah blah blha's" because it gives me a sense of the people who are writing, which is the closest to putting a name and a face together that we can come to on this listserve (for those of us who do not know each other personally, and there are 700 of us in here...). Also, I believe that part of health education is community and this reflects a virtual community. As a virtual community we should be able to keep things flexible, not always be so academic. I'm *not* advocating that we see another surge of personal email over the list, but I do appreciate those brave souls who go out on a limb to say "Hey, I was thinking of this the other day, what do you all think about it? .... Here in xxx we do things this way ..... Blah Blah Blah...." At any rate, there is my two cents worth of blah blah blahs. On a more academic level, you're right, we cannot censor this listserve. Not just because it wouldn't be right, but because it would simply be impossible and I think if the concerned writer thought about how they would do that, they would realize what a difficult task that would be. In all communities, virtual and non, we have to see people that we really don't care to deal with. The good thing about virtual communities is that we have the option of "deleting" them. It's easy enough, apparently it's practiced by the concerned writer, though I fail to see why it still bothers him to simply hit a button. Have I over blahed this email yet? Lea Spring Dooley MPH =========================================================== ============== #1906 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 18:46:15 -0600 From: Raffy Luquis Subject: SAD STORY Comments: cc: jxl173@psu.edu, jbuckwal@post.its.mcw.edu, acohen@pond.com, ggrimm@vax2.winona.msus.edu, kwoodiel@comp.uark.edu, spretzer@comp.uark.edu, jschulz@Ra.MsState.edu, meyoung@comp.uark.edu, mkelley@selu.edu I wanted to share this with you. It was shared with me by someone in my office. -------Begin Forwarded Message Here--------------------- I live in New Mexico, very near the Texas-Mexico border and I have not heard any such story. However--living here I know that it very well could happen. Sad to think life has come to this. Date: Thursday, October 17, 1996 12:04 What does COCAINE meant to YOU? I believed that I was doing my part in the war on drugs by just not using and sending contributions to those who are directly involved, this is the story my sister told me that changed my mind and hopefully it will yours also, we have to do more, please send this E-mail to as many people as you can, if you have a home PC send it out there to. My sisters co-worker had a sister in Texas who, with her husband was planning a weekend trip across the border for a shopping spree, at the last minute their baby sitter canceled so they were stuck taking their two year old son with them. They had been across the border for about an hour when the baby got free and ran around a corner, the mother went chasing but he had disappeared, the mother went to find the police officer who told her to go directly to the border gate and wait, not really understanding she did as she was instructed. About 45 minutes later a man approached the border carrying the boy, the mother ran to him grateful he had been found, when the man realized it was the boys mother he dropped the boy and ran himself, the police were waiting for him and got him. The boy, dead, in the 45 minutes he was missing, was cut open, ALL of his insides removed and his body cavity stuffed with COCAINE. The man was going to carry him across the border as if he were asleep. A two year old boy, dead, discarded as if he were a piece of trash for sombodies cocaine. If this story can get out and change one persons mind about what drugs mean to them, we are helping, lets hope and pray it changes allot of minds. ** Please share with other people** Raffy R. Luquis, Ph.D. (610)694-8972 =========================================================== ============== #1907 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 16:34:37 -0800 From: Dawn Graff-Haight Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> If you get tired of xxx and xxx and xxx, delete them. I might want to hear from them more often than you do. I still miss Andrew Jenkins thought for the week.......sniff sniff. Dawn Graff-Haight Health Human Performance and Athletics Linfield College 1-503-434-2641 =========================================================== ============== #1908 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 19:53:16 -0500 From: GALLO@SCSUD.CTSTATEU.EDU Subject: Re: A Concern I agree that the same people write almost all the time, but perhaps somewhere there is a person who is interested in what these people have to say... I just choose to delete them... Valerie Gallo CHES =========================================================== ============== #1909 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 19:08:13 -0600 From: "Vincent T. Francisco, Ph.D." Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Mark (and everyone else): As a person who believes there is some legitimate value in all opinions, and in random thoughts and ideas generated by members of this group, please do not change a thing. Messages in which I am not interested I simply delete. The occasional "mistake" that people make in sending personal responses to the group are just that--mistakes. You cannot and should not moderate discussions on this group, given the constraints of the technology. I am sorry that some of our colleagues feel otherwise, and I hope they do not decide to unsubscribe. We all would lose something. With that, I understand that some people need to prioritize their time differently than myself (I believe I delete more than half the messages without going beyond the subject line, depending on my schedule) and cannot spend much time reading extraneous material. Anyway, I appreciate the opportunity this list offers me, including opportunities to learn from others with differing opinions. Vince Francisco =========================================================== = Vincent T. Francisco, Ph.D. Associate Director Work Group on Health Promotion and Community Development University of Kansas 4086 Dole Center Lawrence, KS 66045 913-864-0533 (office)/913-864-5281 (fax) E-MAIL: v-francisco@ukans.edu =========================================================== = On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. wrote: > The following memo was sent to me by a HEDIR subscriber with a concern. The > information after this person's memo was my response to that individual. > They gave me permission to send out their response, because I believe it is > worth reading. Please read my response to this person. As technologies are > available, growth periods can often be painful. I believe this person has > indicated a positive feeling about HEDIR, but is concerned about some of its > current practices. > > At 12:47 PM 12/2/96 -0800, you wrote: > > Mark....Just a quick note....Although I generally am appreciative of > > your efforts in developing this listserve, and think it is a good > > idea,...I am growing VERY tired of the people like xxx, xxx, xxx and > others who use this medium as a constant > > "BLAH BLAH BLAH" for their own thoughts....Personally, I could care > > less...I have heard from many others who just delete them; and of > > course, I do this too...But...as a general rule, perhaps you could > > kindly tell them to keep their personal opinions to a MINIMUM...ONce > > per month might be a good guide, rather than a daily dose from xxx, > > et al. > > > > I've thought about dropping the service and I know that my colleagues > > are considering it too...However, why should we be compelled to drop > > because a few individuals are so impressed with the sound of their own > > voices and go on and on and on........It's the same old junk, again > > and again..... the same debates.....the same people talking... > > > > It's a bleak rainy day here, and perhaps the weather is affecting my > > mood,...but....I really am getting annoyed by all of this....Again, > > don't take this personally....I know how much time and effort you put > > in to what COULD be a great service....The FEW spoil and cheapen the > > effectiveness for all.... > > > > Hope all goes well at SIU.... > > > My response to this person: > > I am in the position where I will not censor anything posted. With that > comes some good news and bad news. I appreciate your concern, and I hear it > occassionally. I am personally against limiting people (first, how am I > going to monitor this), but more importantly, there may be somebody who has > an vested interested in a topic. Many people say they don't want to > respond because they don't want to be like "one of the ones you describe", > yet, if only a handful of > people respond, then the ones like xxx, or xxx, etc. are definately the > only ones who will appear on the screen. I would like to hear from more > people--this is a forum for everybody. We have nearly 700 people on the > list, and probably less than 1% post memos. Unfortunately, some even say > they fear retribution if they send something out that some people may not > like. That is somewhat defeating the purpose of the HEDIR. > > > To the entire HEDIR: how can this system be improved? > __________________________ > Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. > Owner and Founder of HEDIR > Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle > HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR > =========================================================== ============== #1910 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 20:49:49 +0000 Reply-To: kzeno@earthlink.net From: Kenneth Zeno Subject: hedir listserv Please add me to your new listserv for health educators. I am a K-12 Director of Health Education and Human Services for the Malden Public Schools in Malden, Massachusetts. My address is Kzeno@earthlink.net Thanks ! =========================================================== ============== #1911 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 23:24:11 -0600 From: MICKY ROBERTS Subject: Position Announcement Injury prevention coordinator ( both intentional and unintentional) for DeKalb County Board of Health. A county of Metro Atlanta w/ pop. of +600,000. Supervising a team of four in the Community Health Promotion Division as well developing the direction of the unit will be the primary task. The preferred appointment date is January 1, 1997; however, date of employment is negotiable. An immediate 90 day appointment is optional Complete applications consist of a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of at least three references. The search committee will begin to review applications immediately and the search will continue until the position is filled. Salary is commensurate with education and experience. Applications and nominations should be sent to: Micky Roberts via this e-mail address. Applications from minorities are strongly encouraged. An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. =========================================================== ============== #1912 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 23:34:35 -0600 From: MICKY ROBERTS Subject: CHES Webpages and directory I'm attempting to gather a thumbnail indication from health educators interested in utilizing a Webpage service. This would include your own Webpage posted at no cost including links , graphics, and information concerning your area of expertise. This would also include a general users section with practice CHES exam activities or other content specific areas. If you think this could be of value, please let me know or visit the beta of this concept at the following URL: http://www.mickydz.com/~mickyr/ph.htm Thanks. =========================================================== ============== #1913 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 21:45:05 -0800 From: Margo Harris Subject: CHES Credits via Distance Education As most of you know, I am a member of Pacific Northwest SOPHE, and I would like to request your help with a SOPHE chapter project. Our SOPHE chapter is a five state chapter, plus a few brave members from British Columbia. Hi, Larry! To increase benefits to out of the Seattle area members, we added an email distribution list this year. We periodically send messages to members on the list. Now we would like to identify opportunities for our "CHES" members to obtain continuing education credits via distance education offerings. I know some of you have posted this information about courses, videoconferences, etc. in the past, and I apologize for asking you to repeat that. But please do. If you will send information to my private email address, I will be glad to compile them for the list. Our primary interest is education programs with CHES credits offered. If you don't know of offerings now, but learn of some in the future, I would request that you share information on a continuing basis. Our plan is to develop a "calendar" of offerings and continually add to it. By all means, if this already exists, please let me know where to find it! Thanks for your help! Margo Margo Harris Harris Training & Consulting Services htcs@halcyon.com =========================================================== ============== #1914 Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 21:32:42 -0800 From: Margo Harris Subject: Re: Demand Management Research - Part 2 I know, I know. I answered this already. But I warned you that I was interested in this subject. My consideration of demand management has been focused in the area of advanced directives. I also pursue work in the area of consumer health information provided through companies such as Healthwise which I mentioned in my first post. Your colleague's "cost effectiveness" question is an interesting one, because much of my reading in this area indicates that the goal of demand management is not cost savings, although that may be and/or often is an outcome. Some of the literature on advanced directives frankly state the different directives are not cost saving, see for example, Emanuel, E J and Emanuel, L L, The Economics of Dying: The Illusion of Cost Savings at the End of Life. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 330, No. 8, February 24, 1994. There is a remarkable Robert Wood Johnson research project on going studying this arena. One large intervention was conducted as an inpatient project, identifying nurses as a liaison between the doctor and patient with the goal of getting do not resuscitate (DNRs) orders signed. After several years and lots of $$$, the intervention showed no benefit and folks were stunned, well maybe very surprised. They expected DNRs to be completed and substantial cost savings. After working for several years in the area of advanced directives, and just beginning to look at the research, I can share with you (anecdotally of course) a few observations: * consumers don't like to go to programs on adanced directives in hospitals * consumers willing complete living wills and durable health care power of attorneys (in community based programs, especially when offered with an attorney present) and just as eagerly refuse to sign DNRs * I have begun to wonder whether there are any successful interventions that would compel or even encourage consumers to complete a DNR or another directive in the hospital setting * I would like to find or see research conducted on this issue In addition to the general terms I mentioned in the first post to use as search terms for the research your colleague is seeking, search on the specific issue/intervention (i.e. advanced directives) to find cost effectiveness research. Also, after I sent message #1, I thought of several other companies that cite research and cost effectiveness data, and they would also be possible contacts. In addition to Healthwise, consider: * Access Health - located in Rancho Cordova, CA, sorry no other contact info * Benova Inc - 1220 SW Morrison, Portland, OR 97205, 503/228-2567 or 800/579-8622 and other benefits management programs that handle large self-insured clients like Microsoft * Employee Managed Care Corporation (EMC2) - a nurse and information service similar to Access. In published articles, they state "Employee Managed Care services yield $3 in savings for every $1 they cost. The bottom line is, EMC programs reduce unnecessary medical expenses through informed decision-making." In promotional literature, they note what you can expect when you add EMC2 services to your health plan: 1. Lower costs to provide health care, as a result of consumers' appropriate utilization and wiser choices. 2. Satisfied consumers who choose to stay with their health plans and appreciate receiving a substantial supplemental benefit. 3. Reasonable expectations and positive behavior changes that include shared responsibility for health decisions and appropriate use of self-care. EMC2, 701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2600, Seattle, WA 98104-7015, 206/749-1100 or 800/755-2136. And, no I have not seen any of their "research." Margo Margo Harris Harris Training & Consulting Services htcs@halcyon.com =========================================================== ============== #1915 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 08:33:08 EST From: STUFORS@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> How Can the System be improved? I see this "place" as a forum for all sorts of ideas (new or retread). Those of us who have been in this business for 20-30 years may have heard and read many of the ideas before but some of the newer professionals either need to air their ideas and/or to read those from others. This list has many other valuable functions but I think the opportunity to exchange ideas, frustrations, philosophies in a timely way is wonderful. If I think I've heard something before, I just hit the discard key. stu fors Health Promotion and Behavior Univ. of Georgia =========================================================== ============== #1916 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 09:11:06 -0600 From: Anna Marie Kukla Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Mark et al I don't mind hearing from the same old people all of the time. I like to read differing opinions...it keeps my mind open. I agree that few people post as the fear a certain retribution for unusual opinions or possible offensive remarks. I thought this was an open forum for health educators. Perhaps the gentleman needs to draw the drapes on the window. amk =========================================================== ============== #1917 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 10:41:20 -0500 From: "Patricia L. Cox" Subject: unsubscribe Please take me off the listserve =========================================================== ============== #1918 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 09:41:17 -0600 Reply-To: gkeeney@d.umn.edu From: georgia lynn keeney Subject: Re: A Concern Concerning Mark's message in response to too much blah, blah from xxx and xxx....what's a delete button for? Maybe we could have a contest to see who is the fastest deleter of us all and which senders get deleted the most based solely on thier names? Better yet, let's do a research study on this including gender and age as a factors. Do women's messages get deleted faster than men's? Do younger people's messages get deleted more than older people's? At least one article is waiting to be written about this topic. I would like this listserv to continue pretty much as it is. I appreciate Mark's restraint in not editorializing. Let's give every one a chance to be heard. Deleting is good fine motor exercise. Happy Holidays to one and all!! Georgia Keeney, Assoc. Prof. Health Ed. Univ. of Minn., Duluth (we have lots of snow) =========================================================== ============== #1919 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 07:42:04 -0800 From: Margo Harris Subject: Re: A Concern This is a "concern" voiced on each of the listservs I've joined. There's a fairly active list on training and development from Penn State. There are now over 4,000 folks on the list, so there are a few more "regular blahers"! Of concern to me is why only 1% of 700 health education-interested folks post. A list is only as useful as the posts and participation of its members. I've been surprised at the "retribution" on this list, and I think it has driven some to contact members privately rather than post. I think it has driven some to lurk only. On the Penn State list we've acknowledged that a list is a "slice of life." There are no "blah free zones." When I first started on the Internet, I loved a comment I heard. "If you're going to have an information super highway, you're going to have some highway robbers." I naively thought on a health ed list, there would be room for all and "most would post." Regretably untrue. I responded to the recent student survey about use and satisfaction with this list. It would be interesting to see the results of that survey. I wonder if folks have suggestions for making this list more useful; so they didn't feel like unsubscribing is their only alternative. Margo Margo Harris Harris Training & Consulting Services htcs@halcyon.com =========================================================== ============== #1920 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 09:06:59 MST From: Mike Caserta Organization: College of Nursing, Univ. of Utah Subject: Re: A Concern Mark: At the risk of sounding redundant (viz. the many who have expressed an opinion on this) I believe we need to keep the listserv as an open forum. As others have mentioned, if there is a topic or discussion that is not of interest to me I simply delete it and move on the the next piece of mail. One thing is apparent -- this topic has certainly generated a flurry of interest and activity!! I think the 1% is approaching 10% on this one. Although this is my first piece of input since I have subscribed to the listserv, I have enjoyed "peaking in" on some of the discussions and I anticpate greater participation in the future as needs arise. Have a nice day, folks. Mike Caserta Michael S. Caserta, Ph.D. Associate Professor Gerontology Center University of Utah 25 South Medical Dr. Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (801) 581-3572 mike@nurfac.nurs.utah.edu =========================================================== ============== #1921 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 11:28:48 -0500 From: Tamara Lou Gallant Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Thanks for bringing this up publicly, Mark. My first thought was to notice the effort that goes into silencing certain contributions deemed by the loudest as unworthy or irrelevant to this (and other) listservs. There's always the effort to reduce junk mail (I gotta support that effort!) But a while ago a lot of discussion resulted in eliminating thoughts for the day, and other uplifting observations (which I personally appreciated)--Those who can't be bothered deleting have deleted for us all :(. I appreciate and support your policy of not sensoring messages, Mark. And prefer to delete on my own behalf. I also encourage the more progressive question: Why do more people not send messages & responses in? Tamara Lou Gallant, MPH University of Massachusetts Health Services Amherst, MA 01003-4310 tgallant@uhs.umass.edu =========================================================== ============== #1922 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 10:30:00 -0600 From: "Hall, Andy" Subject: Re: SAD STORY This is indeed a disturbing tale, but I personally doubt its veracity. I cannot imagine that an incident such as this could have happened *anywhere* along the U.S.-Mexico border without being splashed across the front page of every newspaper and magazine in both countries, and without attracting the attention of at least one grand-standing politician. The supposed source of the story -- my sister's coworker's sister -- as well as the noticable lack of verifiable factual information as to names, dates and locations, gives it all the hallmarks of an urban legend. ----------------------> Andy Hall ----------------------> Galveston, Texas =========================================================== ============== #1923 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 13:10:01 EST Comments: Converted from PROFS to RFC822 format by PUMP V2.2X From: "Richard A. Fee, Ph.D., Chair, HPES Department" Subject: Re: SAD STORY In-Reply-To: note of 12/05/96 13:00 Director, Psychophysiology Research Laboratory Associate in Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical School Boy I have to add my 2 cents worth and say I agree with Andy Hall.. This sound like a scare tactic to enrage the seemingly complacent masses. Its akin to the movie "Reefer Madness". If its true its indeed very sad. I doubt stuff I rea d on the 'net when its not documented, though. I didn't hear any of it on the nightly or am news. Not to mention Dateline or 20/20 or American Edition. Seems like one of these would have snarfed it up. Regards, Dick rafee001@ulkyvmm.louisville.edu Vox 502-852-6645 snappy sig file under construction Fax 502-852-4534 =========================================================== ============== #1924 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 13:48:10 -0500 From: ZS_RBBEAVERS@FLOYD.SCSU.EDU Subject: Re: A Concern December 4, 1996 Mark, I appreciate your position on censorship and will delete those messages that I feel are bothersome, boring, etc, etc. It's amazing to me that we as health educators (some of us) are finding things to be boring or bothersome. There are more important questions to be asked as suggested by Tamara Lou Gallant and others responding to this issue. If some of us are bothered by the clutter than "TURN IT OFF - DELETE IT." Robert B. Beavers South Carolina State University =========================================================== ============== #1925 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 14:17:13 EST From: Lyn Lawrance Organization: University of NC at Greensboro Subject: Re: A Concern I concur with Mike's and Mark's comments. "At the risk of sounding redundant (viz. the many who have expressed an opinion on this) I believe we need to keep the listserv as an open forum. As others have mentioned, if there is a topic or discussion that is not of interest to me I simply delete it and move on the the next piece of mail." It is quite encouraging to note that "-- this topic has certainly generated a flurry of interest and activity!! I think the 1% is approaching 10% on this one." Although this is a rare piece of input from me since I have subscribed to the listserv, I too have, enjoyed some of the discussions and I may increase my participation in the future. Lyn Lawrance Department of Public Health Education 437L HHP Building UNC Greeensboro Greensboro NC 27412 Voice: (910) 334 3245 Fax: (910) 334 3238 email: lawrance@uncg.edu =========================================================== ============== #1926 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:06:04 -0500 From: Tamara Lou Gallant Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <9612051540.AA06325@mail1.halcyon.com> I would like to add that speaking (posting) is not the only valuable part of a communication system--listening is also key. A primary reason to join listservs is to find out what people are talking about (not just to have another vehicle for speaking your views). Lurkers are also participating. Tamara =========================================================== ============== #1927 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 14:50:06 -0500 From: "Molly Laflin, PhD" Subject: SAD STORY/WHAT SHOULD WE DO? If true, this is indeed not just an incredibly sad story, but a tragedy. My heart aches for the parents of this innocent child and for the countless others who have suffered due to drug related violence. My first reaction is to cry and then to rage in anger. Then when I'm calmer, I want to do what I can to prevent similar incidents from happening. How can we best do that? Should we get tougher? Crack down harder on illegal traffickers? Would that help? In a statement about the war on Drugs made last year to the NY Bar Association, William F. Buckley said: "We are speaking of a plague that consumes an estimated $75 billion per year of public money, exacts an estimated $70 billion a year from consumers, is responsible for nearly 50 percent of the million Americans who are today in jail, occupies an estimated 50 percent of the trial time of our judiciary, and takes the time of 400,000 policemen -- yet a plague for which no cure is at hand, nor in prospect. . . . "We do know this, that more people die every year as a result of the war against drugs than die from what we call, generically, overdosing." . . . "One dollar spent on the treatment of an addict reduces the probability of continued addiction seven times more than one dollar spent on incarceration. . . .Yet we are willing to build more and more jails in which to isolate drug users even though at one seventh the cost of building and maintaining jail space and pursuimg, dertaining, prosecuting the drug user, we could subsidize commensurately effective medical care and psychological treatment." We currently incarcerate a higher percentage of our population than any country in the world? Has it made us safer? Did Prohibition keep children safe? No. Children were commonly used by bootleggers to transport and sell liquor. Interestingly, Prohibition was initiated as a way to "save the women and children" and it was repealed using the same slogan. "Save the women and children, vote repeal." As we health educators search for ways to help children and adults choose to lead healthy lives that are in keeping with their personal values (a summary of our mission as I learned it at the U of Maryland), it's very human to yearn for easy "solutions" that might force people to behave as we want them to. But people are not so easily forced, and sometimes it's important, from a harm reduction perspective, to abandon our "in the box" thinking and look for better ways to handle our problems. Buckley and many leading economists, police chiefs, lawyers, judges, physicians, and others suggest that the War on Drugs is counter-productive to our goal of reducing the harm and violence associated with drugs. I don't know what policies and laws would be best, but I think we need to look closely at such issues and use caution in assuming that more law enforcement would be better. I'm also fairly confident that without the War on Drugs, the baby in this story would be alive and healthy today. Molly Laflin, Ph.D. >I wanted to share this with you. It was shared with me by someone >in my office. > >-------Begin Forwarded Message Here--------------------- > >I live in New Mexico, very near the Texas-Mexico border and I have >not heard any such story. However--living here I know that it very >well could happen. Sad to think life has come to this. Date: >Thursday, October 17, 1996 12:04 > > What does COCAINE meant to YOU? > >I believed that I was doing my part in the war on drugs by just not >using and sending contributions to those who are directly involved, >this is the story my sister told me that changed my mind and >hopefully it will yours also, we have to do more, please send this >E-mail to as many people as you can, if you have a home PC send it >out there to. > >My sisters co-worker had a sister in Texas who, with her husband >was planning a weekend trip across the border for a shopping spree, >at the last minute their baby sitter canceled so they were stuck >taking their two year old son with them. They had been across the >border for about an hour when the baby got free and ran around a >corner, the mother went chasing but he had disappeared, the mother >went to find the police officer who told her to go directly to the >border gate and wait, not really understanding she did as she was >instructed. > >About 45 minutes later a man approached the border carrying the >boy, the mother ran to him grateful he had been found, when the man >realized it was the boys mother he dropped the boy and ran himself, >the police were waiting for him and got him. > >The boy, dead, in the 45 minutes he was missing, was cut open, ALL >of his insides removed and his body cavity stuffed with COCAINE. >The man was going to carry him across the border as if he were >asleep. A two year old boy, dead, discarded as if he were a piece >of trash for sombodies cocaine. > >If this story can get out and change one persons mind about what >drugs mean to them, we are helping, lets hope and pray it changes >allot of minds. > >** Please share with other people** >Raffy R. Luquis, Ph.D. >(610)694-8972 ************************************************************************ **** ***** Molly Laflin, Ph.D. Professor, Health Education 215 Eppler North Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 419-372-0301W; 419-372-8216fax mlaflin@bgnet.bgsu.edu =========================================================== ============== #1928 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:30:13 -0500 From: rick petosa Subject: Re: A Concern I would like to reinforce Dr. Fors comments. Creating real "content" for the HEDIR takes time and effort. An effort that most of the 700 members do not make. For those that do take the time, I appreciate their input. I can recall several instances in which commited professionals made the effort to contribute to the HEDIR, were criticized, and stop making contributions. I would prefer maximum participation from the largest number of contributors which ultimately provides more "choices" for the consumers of the service. Selectivity is then the responsibility of the user, but at least there are choices. rick petosa At 08:33 AM 12/5/96 -0500, you wrote: >How Can the System be improved? I see this "place" as a forum for all sorts >of ideas (new or retread). Those of us who have been in this business for >20-30 years may have heard and read many of the ideas before but some of >the newer professionals either need to air their ideas and/or to read those >from others. This list has many other valuable functions but I think the >opportunity to exchange ideas, frustrations, philosophies in a timely way >is wonderful. If I think I've heard something before, I just hit the discard >key. stu fors > Health Promotion and Behavior > Univ. of Georgia > > =========================================================== ============== #1929 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 13:14:35 -0800 From: Robert Collins Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Hi Mark, Like most of us, I've been extremely busy the past few months and have only periodically responded to messages on the HEDIR. I know how to use the delete button, but the issue is why it's needed by so many, so often? As the old commercial goes, "where's the beef"? Issues we all face in this profession should be the focus and I have to congratulate Margo Harris as one of the members of this list who seems to continuously keep a focus on meaty info pertinent to our functions as health educators. Her effort to identify and share relevant resources is appreciated. As soon as the dust settles for me I hope to be a more active contributor and not just a lurker.... Thanks Mark for your patience and all your hard work to make this vehicle available for us... Ciao! Bob Bob Collins 206-720-5038 (phone) Center for Health Education & Research collinsb@u.washington.edu University of Washington 206-720-5040 (fax) 1001 Broadway, Suite 100 Seattle, WA. 98122 On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. wrote: > The following memo was sent to me by a HEDIR subscriber with a concern. The > information after this person's memo was my response to that individual. > They gave me permission to send out their response, because I believe it is > worth reading. Please read my response to this person. As technologies are > available, growth periods can often be painful. I believe this person has > indicated a positive feeling about HEDIR, but is concerned about some of its > current practices. > > At 12:47 PM 12/2/96 -0800, you wrote: > > Mark....Just a quick note....Although I generally am appreciative of > > your efforts in developing this listserve, and think it is a good > > idea,...I am growing VERY tired of the people like xxx, xxx, xxx and > others who use this medium as a constant > > "BLAH BLAH BLAH" for their own thoughts....Personally, I could care > > less...I have heard from many others who just delete them; and of > > course, I do this too...But...as a general rule, perhaps you could > > kindly tell them to keep their personal opinions to a MINIMUM...ONce > > per month might be a good guide, rather than a daily dose from xxx, > > et al. > > > > I've thought about dropping the service and I know that my colleagues > > are considering it too...However, why should we be compelled to drop > > because a few individuals are so impressed with the sound of their own > > voices and go on and on and on........It's the same old junk, again > > and again..... the same debates.....the same people talking... > > > > It's a bleak rainy day here, and perhaps the weather is affecting my > > mood,...but....I really am getting annoyed by all of this....Again, > > don't take this personally....I know how much time and effort you put > > in to what COULD be a great service....The FEW spoil and cheapen the > > effectiveness for all.... > > > > Hope all goes well at SIU.... > > > My response to this person: > > I am in the position where I will not censor anything posted. With that > comes some good news and bad news. I appreciate your concern, and I hear it > occassionally. I am personally against limiting people (first, how am I > going to monitor this), but more importantly, there may be somebody who has > an vested interested in a topic. Many people say they don't want to > respond because they don't want to be like "one of the ones you describe", > yet, if only a handful of > people respond, then the ones like xxx, or xxx, etc. are definately the > only ones who will appear on the screen. I would like to hear from more > people--this is a forum for everybody. We have nearly 700 people on the > list, and probably less than 1% post memos. Unfortunately, some even say > they fear retribution if they send something out that some people may not > like. That is somewhat defeating the purpose of the HEDIR. > > > To the entire HEDIR: how can this system be improved? > __________________________ > Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. > Owner and Founder of HEDIR > Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle > HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR > =========================================================== ============== #1930 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:59:09 -0600 From: wohl royal Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Mark, I just sent a response to you concerning my view about the listserve. In my inexperience with posting, I forgot to sign my name. Sorry about that. Hopefully, this message goes out to the entire listserve. If not, then I don't know what to do. I wish I knew how to display "embarrassment" with symbols. Roy Wohl, PhD, CHES Washburn University Topeka, KS =========================================================== ============== #1931 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 16:56:24 EDT Reply-To: eglover@wvumbrcc1.hsc.wvu.edu From: Elbert Glover Organization: WVU Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Ctr. Subject: Re: Blah, Blah, Blah As a concerned professional, I belong to several listserves. Moreover, I don't just delete the message without reading at least a paragraph before determining if I wish to continue. It is not unsual for me to come to the office in the morning and find 225+ messages. Unfortunately, 90-95% are not where I choose to spend my time, however, in most cases, I still have to open and close each one to double check that I am not deleting something of importance; consequently, the first 60-90 minutes of each day are wasted. All that I ask is that users LEARN to use the reply button corrently, most of us don't care about personal business and that could be avoided by sending personal messages to the individual rather than the entire listserve. Moreover, please use COMMON SENSE--not everyone wishes to hear personal business. It seems since the birth of this listserve, we go through peaks and valleys and every 6 months we have this discussion--so I guess we're in a valley. Maybe to efficiently use my time I should be deleting listserves rather than messages. Unfortunately, to delete a listerve is throwing out the baby with the bath water; however, that will be my sanity option--that is, when it becomes too overwhelming, many of us will have to start throwing out babies. For those of you that say, use the delete button, that option still wastes 60-90 minutes a day! Elbert D. Glover, PhD Professor, Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry Director, Tobacco Research Center, MBR Cancer Center West Virginia University's Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center P.O. Box 9300 Morgantown, WV 26506 Voice: (304) 293-6988 Fax: (304) 293-4693 =========================================================== ============== #1932 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:52:08 -0600 From: wohl royal Subject: Re: A Concern In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961204201518.0070f778@saluki-mail.siu.edu> Mark - I think you do a great job and appreciate all of the work it must take to operate this list serve. I am one of the 99% that mostly reads and moves on without responding. When I do respond, however, it is usually directly to the person posting the message. At times I admit I do get a little tired of some of the chatter I read, but I can, and do, operate my delete button as well as anyone. I would never suggest to anyone that he/she should limit their postings or that they be censored by any third party. I enjoy reading most postings, as they are certainly food for thought and have made me re-evaluate some of my own feelings about certain issues. Keep up the good work! =========================================================== ============== #1933 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:06:41 -0500 From: "Dr. Doris Abood" Subject: Re: A Concern For those of us working in multidisciplinary programs and thus do not have= =20 the luxury of working directly with other health educators, the HEDIR is an= =20 oasis. Perhaps a "chat" room can be developed as this system evolves and=20 those feeling rather unreceptive to others "stream of consciousness," can=20 opt for a more task-oriented posting. Until then, consider the delete=20 function as a form of catharsis for crankiness. =20 Doris A. Abood,=20 Nutrition, Food & Movement Sciences Florida State University >The following memo was sent to me by a HEDIR subscriber with a concern. = The >information after this person's memo was my response to that individual. >They gave me permission to send out their response, because I believe it is >worth reading. Please read my response to this person. As technologies are >available, growth periods can often be painful. I believe this person has >indicated a positive feeling about HEDIR, but is concerned about some of= its >current practices. > >At 12:47 PM 12/2/96 -0800, you wrote: >> Mark....Just a quick note....Although I generally am appreciative of >> your efforts in developing this listserve, and think it is a good >> idea,...I am growing VERY tired of the people like xxx, xxx, xxx and >others who use this medium as a constant >> "BLAH BLAH BLAH" for their own thoughts....Personally, I could care >> less...I have heard from many others who just delete them; and of >> course, I do this too...But...as a general rule, perhaps you could >> kindly tell them to keep their personal opinions to a MINIMUM...ONce >> per month might be a good guide, rather than a daily dose from xxx, >> et al. >> >> I've thought about dropping the service and I know that my colleagues >> are considering it too...However, why should we be compelled to drop >> because a few individuals are so impressed with the sound of their= own >> voices and go on and on and on........It's the same old junk, again >> and again..... the same debates.....the same people talking... >> >> It's a bleak rainy day here, and perhaps the weather is affecting my >> mood,...but....I really am getting annoyed by all of this....Again, >> don't take this personally....I know how much time and effort you put >> in to what COULD be a great service....The FEW spoil and cheapen the >> effectiveness for all.... >> >> Hope all goes well at SIU.... > > >My response to this person: > >I am in the position where I will not censor anything posted. With that >comes some good news and bad news. I appreciate your concern, and I hear= it >occassionally. I am personally against limiting people (first, how am I >going to monitor this), but more importantly, there may be somebody who has >an vested interested in a topic. Many people say they don't want to >respond because they don't want to be like "one of the ones you describe", >yet, if only a handful of >people respond, then the ones like xxx, or xxx, etc. are definately the >only ones who will appear on the screen. I would like to hear from more >people--this is a forum for everybody. We have nearly 700 people on the >list, and probably less than 1% post memos. Unfortunately, some even say >they fear retribution if they send something out that some people may not >like. That is somewhat defeating the purpose of the HEDIR. > > >To the entire HEDIR: how can this system be improved? >__________________________ >Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. >Owner and Founder of HEDIR >Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle >HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR > > =========================================================== ============== #1934 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:19:09 -0800 From: Barbara Cooley Subject: Re: A Concern Comments: To: Tamara Lou Gallant In-Reply-To: I'm with Margo on this one. I spend half my time deleting, but it's OK. Every once in awhile, I pick up something useful from something that I delete---examples of how NOT to use resources, examples of how NOT to use a listserve, and occasionally a smile. I fail to understand why we get so caought up in the small stuff, while bigger stuff (e.g.: reimbursement for health education services; the direction of both sections in health education/services in APHA are taking, etc. Barbara Cooley, Univ. of WA On Thu, 5 Dec 1996, Tamara Lou Gallant wrote: > Thanks for bringing this up publicly, Mark. > > My first thought was to notice the effort that goes into silencing > certain contributions deemed by the loudest as > unworthy or irrelevant to this (and other) listservs. There's always the > effort to reduce junk mail (I gotta support that effort!) But a while ago > a lot of discussion resulted in eliminating thoughts for the day, and other > uplifting observations (which I personally appreciated)--Those > who can't be bothered deleting have deleted for us all :(. > > I appreciate and support your policy of not sensoring messages, Mark. > And prefer to delete on my own behalf. I also encourage the more > progressive question: Why do more people not send messages & responses in? > > > Tamara Lou Gallant, MPH > University of Massachusetts Health Services > Amherst, MA 01003-4310 > tgallant@uhs.umass.edu > =========================================================== ============== #1935 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:35:32 -0600 From: "Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D." Subject: Site visit dates Bill, before I contact the others--let me see about this #xxx Date: February 22 through February 26th (Wednesday). At 03:43 PM 11/30/96 CST, you wrote: __________________________ Mark J. Kittleson, Ph.D. Owner and Founder of HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle HEDIR Home Page: www.siu.edu/~kittle/HEDIR =========================================================== ============== #1936 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 14:02:36 -0700 From: Theresa Byrd Subject: Re: SAD STORY I agree with you, Andy. I am right here on the US Mexico border and I have never heard of such a thing. It certainly never made the El Paso papers! At 10:30 AM 12/5/96 -0600, you wrote: >This is indeed a disturbing tale, but I personally doubt its veracity. I >cannot imagine that an incident such as this could have happened *anywhere* >along the U.S.-Mexico border without being splashed across the front page of >every newspaper and magazine in both countries, and without attracting the >attention of at least one grand-standing politician. The supposed source of >the story -- my sister's coworker's sister -- as well as the noticable lack >of verifiable factual information as to names, dates and locations, gives it >all the hallmarks of an urban legend. > > ----------------------> Andy Hall > ----------------------> Galveston, Texas > > Theresa Byrd, RN, Dr.P.H. Assistant Professor of Behavioral Sciences University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health at El Paso **Please note: As of June 1 my new address and phone will be: UT Houston, School of Public Health at El Paso 1100 North Stanton, Suite 110 El Paso, TX 79902 (915) 747-8504 FAX (915) 747-8512 =========================================================== ============== #1937 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 17:09:04 -0500 From: "Molly Laflin, PhD" Subject: PE/Time magazine/Food for Thought Comments: cc: edmundson@mail.utexas.edu, Karol Kaye Harris On page 34 of this weeks' "Time" "New Tier offers its students . . . everything from international relations and classical Greek to operatic choir and gourmet food. At New Tier, there's nothing called gym class or phys ed; it's kinetic wellness." ************************************************************************ **** ***** Molly Laflin, Ph.D. Professor, Health Education 215 Eppler North Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 419-372-0301W; 419-372-8216fax mlaflin@bgnet.bgsu.edu =========================================================== ============== #1938 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 16:54:38 -0500 From: Ed Meister Greetings: Request for listing of Email address on electronic Health Education Directory. Ed Meister Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Health Sciences WSC Email address: Emeister@worc.mass.edu Thank You. =========================================================== ============== #1939 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 17:16:56 -0500 From: John Canfield Subject: Re: SAD STORY Hall, Andy wrote: > The supposed source of the story -- my sister's coworker's sister -- as well as the noticable lack > of verifiable factual information as to names, dates and locations, gives it all the hallmarks of an urban > legend. Andy is right. This is an urban legend and a very common one. I happen to be a big fan of urban legends and this one is in many of the books I own on urban legends. Later, -- John C. Canfield, M.Ed., C.H.E.S. Director of Public Awareness AIDGwinnett, Inc. 725 Scenic Highway P.O. Box 884 Lawrenceville, GA 30246-0884 (770) 962-8396 (770) 962-1291 Fax Jccanfield@worldnet.att.net =========================================================== ============== #1940 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 19:25:41 -0600 From: Raffy Luquis Subject: SAD STORY - Response Dear Colleagues: Yesterday I posted a sad story. As I stated someone told me the story, thus I have no way to verified the facts presented. However, if I did not think that this kind of tragedy can happen, I would not bother to share the story with you. I was very disappointed to read that some of you thought that the story was used to scare people or that this kind of killing can't happen. Every night I watched "Primer Impacto", a news program in Univision, the spanish channel on TV. You won't believe all the sad stories that sometimes they present about tragic and unrealistic incidences occuring in Central and South America, many of them drug related. For example, a couple of months ago, they presented a story of a whole family, parents and children, found dead in their house. All the bodies were found cut in pieces in top of each other, and the police had no clues why it did happen. This is just one of some many tragic incidences happening there. I know that some of you have never been exposed to this kind of news or environment, but at least you could be a little more open minded about it. I believe that the HEDIR is full of well educated and open minded people that will not only understand the severity of this kind of situation, but also will do anything to prevent it to occuring again. That is why I shared the story with you. Think about it! Raffy R. Luquis, Ph.D. (610)694-8972 =========================================================== ============== #1941 Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 22:51:46 -0500 From: Imhepp@AOL.COM Subject: Re: SAD STORY Comments: To: GLOBALRN@itssrv1.ucsf.edu I am numb from reading this story--I have never heard of anything so horrible. May God have mercy on this world and the craziness we humans justify for any reason. =========================================================== ============== #1942 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 10:22:29 +0000 Reply-To: klein@ezw.uni-koeln.de Comments: Authenticated sender is From: Klaus Klein Organization: HERU Subject: Health Education International The Health Education Research Unit , UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE; Faculty of Education offers field experiences, international seminars with field trips(school health, work-site health promotion, rehabilitation, accident prevention and injury-control,nutrition, patient education-present research topics:communication aspects re- garding : AIDS, Alzheimer and comparative studies regarding health behaviour in the US., Western Europe, and Eastern Europe. Prof.Dr.Klaus Klein P.S. If you are interested let us know for further discussion. Please reply to the following address: klein@ezw.uni-koeln.de =========================================================== ============== #1943 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 08:59:43 EST From: STUFORS@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU Subject: positiion announcment Position Available at the University of Georgia The Department of Health Promotion and Behavior at the University of Georgia invites applications for a tenure track position at the Assistant/ Associate Professor level. Minimum qualifications include: doctorate in health promotion/education, public health, or related areas; evidence of ability to produce and communicate research; competence in acquiring and administering external funding; competence in teaching and working with undergraduate and graduate students; commitment to issues related to cultural diversity. We are interested in community health specialists, with a focus in one or more of the following areas: evaluation research; health communications; and/or the health of underserved or minority populations. The position also involves teaching and advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students in health promotion and behavior. Applications postmarked by February 14 are assured of consideration. The position is available September, 1997. The University of Georgia is the state's land-grant university with an enrollment of approximately 30,000 students. Coastal areas, the Blue Ridge Mountains, and the city of Atlanta are nearby. The Department is located in a new 34 million dollar facility, which is a key part of 200 million dollars of ongoing construction and expansion of campus facilities. Please send a vitae, names, addresses, and phone numbers of four references, and a concise statement of research and teaching areas to Dr. Judith McLaughlin, Chair, Search Committee, Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 311 Ramsey Student Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3422. The University of Georgia is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer and is committed to diversity within its community. Women and minority candidates are particularly encouraged to apply. =========================================================== ============== #1944 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 09:23:37 EST From: R Olds Subject: Re: Demand Management Research In-Reply-To: Message of Tue, 3 Dec 1996 21:44:59 -0800 from See the work of Larry Chapman for further insight regarding both demand management and the economics of health promotion initiatives. Good reading! =========================================================== ============== #1945 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 10:10:29 -0500 Reply-To: ludwigm@winthrop.edu From: "Michael J. Ludwig" Organization: Winthrop University Subject: Re: SAD STORY - Response While I understand Dr. Luquis' pique concerning the "Sad Story" he posted a few days ago, it is also important to remember we are a community of trained questioners. It is our job to criticize and question. Too many have difficulty accepting criticism and questions for what they are: an attempt to learn. True, they can degenerate into ad hominem attacks, and if they do, that needs to be questioned as well. Of course, then we get into issues of perception and meaning which can spiral endlessly, if one believes Derrida and the notion of an endless stream of signification. However, assuming we have communities of readers that can generally agree on the outlines of meaning, we can have discussions and learn. The alternatives are hopelessness and meaninglessness. I vote for hope, meaning, and understanding...and a willingness to accept questioning in the spirit of intellectual exchange. ________________________________________________________ Michael J. Ludwig 803.323.4687 (voice) Department of Health and Physical Education, 111 Peabody Building Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733 "Meaning can neither be imposed nor denied" -Trinh Minh-Ha =========================================================== ============== #1946 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 10:23:23 -0500 Reply-To: ludwigm@winthrop.edu From: "Michael J. Ludwig" Organization: Winthrop University Subject: A Sad Story: Let's Have MORE! Recently, Dr. Raffy Luquis posted a message entitled "A Sad Story." While I addressed the issue of response and critique in another post, this could be an excellent opportunity to bring more HEDIR lurkers out of the closet, so to speak. What I am suggesting is that we need MORE folks to contribute stories, regardless of the veracity of the story. Stories can be a way to discuss issues relevant to the profession, much as law school uses case studies to learn the law. Wouldn't this be a productive use of inviting multiple perspectives on an issue? By having someone post a story (as Raffy did), all who choose to participate can interpret the story and make suggestions for ways to address the issue at hand as health education professionals? Any thoughts? -- ________________________________________________________ Michael J. Ludwig 803.323.4687 (voice) Department of Health and Physical Education, 111 Peabody Building Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733 "Meaning can neither be imposed nor denied" -Trinh Minh-Ha =========================================================== ============== #1947 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 08:56:53 -0700 From: Theresa Byrd Subject: Re: SAD STORY Seriously folks--incase my message didn't get through--I don't think this really happened!!!! At 10:51 PM 12/5/96 -0500, you wrote: >I am numb from reading this story--I have never heard of anything so >horrible. May God have mercy on this world and the craziness we humans >justify for any reason. > > Theresa Byrd, RN, Dr.P.H. Assistant Professor of Behavioral Sciences University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health at El Paso **Please note: As of June 1 my new address and phone will be: UT Houston, School of Public Health at El Paso 1100 North Stanton, Suite 110 El Paso, TX 79902 (915) 747-8504 FAX (915) 747-8512 =========================================================== ============== #1948 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 09:00:22 -0700 From: Theresa Byrd Subject: Re: SAD STORY - Response I agree that these things can and do happen, but Raffy--Primer Impacto is really NOT a news program, do you think? It seems to be considered not very reliable around here (El Paso Juarez area). It is more of a tabloid news program--lots of sensationalism. At 07:25 PM 12/5/96 -0600, you wrote: >Dear Colleagues: > > Yesterday I posted a sad story. As I stated someone told me >the story, thus I have no way to verified the facts presented. >However, if I did not think that this kind of tragedy can happen, I >would not bother to share the story with you. > > I was very disappointed to read that some of you thought that >the story was used to scare people or that this kind of killing >can't happen. Every night I watched "Primer Impacto", a news >program in Univision, the spanish channel on TV. You won't believe >all the sad stories that sometimes they present about tragic and >unrealistic incidences occuring in Central and South America, many >of them drug related. For example, a couple of months ago, they >presented a story of a whole family, parents and children, found >dead in their house. All the bodies were found cut in pieces in >top of each other, and the police had no clues why it did happen. >This is just one of some many tragic incidences happening there. > > I know that some of you have never been exposed to this kind >of news or environment, but at least you could be a little more >open minded about it. I believe that the HEDIR is full of well >educated and open minded people that will not only understand the >severity of this kind of situation, but also will do anything to >prevent it to occuring again. That is why I shared the story with >you. Think about it! >Raffy R. Luquis, Ph.D. >(610)694-8972 > > Theresa Byrd, RN, Dr.P.H. Assistant Professor of Behavioral Sciences University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health at El Paso **Please note: As of June 1 my new address and phone will be: UT Houston, School of Public Health at El Paso 1100 North Stanton, Suite 110 El Paso, TX 79902 (915) 747-8504 FAX (915) 747-8512 =========================================================== ============== #1949 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 11:07:47 -0500 From: "Dr. Ruth Busman" Subject: Re: SAD STORY - Response >Dear Colleagues: > > Yesterday I posted a sad story. As I stated someone told me >the story, thus I have no way to verified the facts presented. >However, if I did not think that this kind of tragedy can happen, I >would not bother to share the story with you. > > I was very disappointed to read that some of you thought that >the story was used to scare people or that this kind of killing >can't happen. Every night I watched "Primer Impacto", a news >program in Univision, the spanish channel on TV. You won't believe >all the sad stories that sometimes they present about tragic and >unrealistic incidences occuring in Central and South America, many >of them drug related. For example, a couple of months ago, they >presented a story of a whole family, parents and children, found >dead in their house. All the bodies were found cut in pieces in >top of each other, and the police had no clues why it did happen. >This is just one of some many tragic incidences happening there. > > I know that some of you have never been exposed to this kind >of news or environment, but at least you could be a little more >open minded about it. I believe that the HEDIR is full of well >educated and open minded people that will not only understand the >severity of this kind of situation, but also will do anything to >prevent it to occuring again. That is why I shared the story with >you. Think about it! >Raffy R. Luquis, Ph.D. >(610)694-8972 Bless your heart, Raffy. Pray for the children of this world. All of them. Even the older ones. Dr. Ruth C. Busman M.P.H. busman@luther.csp.edu Health Science Education Coordinator Bush Foundation Grant for Faculty Development Concordia College, St. Paul, MN Office: 612.641.8858 Facsimile: 612.641.8727 "Educating the whole-person of God" =========================================================== ============== #1950 Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 09:47:39 -0800 From: Gina Rodriguez Subject: The List-server's experience #2 I am a graduate student taking a course in computer technology at the graduate school of public health at San Diego State University. In learning more about list-serves and their role in public health I would like to present information on the experiences of the members of this list-serve. Below are a few questions I have. 1. How are you involved with Public Health? 2. What state/area are you from? 3. How did you find out about this list-serve? 4. Why did you Join? 5. How long have you been a member? 6. How many members did you personally know before joining this lis